PEG Derivatives by Functional Groups
- Acrylate/Acrylamide/Methacrylate PEG
- Aldehyde (Ald/CHO)PEG
- Alkyne PEG
- Amino PEG, PEG amine(-NH2)
- Azide PEG, Azido PEG(-N3)
- Biotin PEG
- Boc/Fmoc protected amine PEG
- Carboxylic Acid(-COOH) PEG
- Cholesterol PEG
- DBCO PEG
- DNP PEG
- DSPE PEG
- Epoxide glycidyl ether PEG
- FITC PEG
- Folate PEG
- Halide (chloride, bromide) PEG
- Hydrazide PEG
- Hydroxyl(-OH) PEG
- Maleimide(-MAL) PEG
- NHS ester PEG
- Nitrophenyl carbonate (NPC) PEG
- Norbornene PEG
- Olefin/Alkene/Vinyl PEG
- Orthopyridyl disulfide (OPSS) PEG
- Phosphate PEG
- Rhodamine PEG
- SCM PEG
- Silane PEG
- SPDP PEG
- Sulfonate (tosyl, mesyl, tresyl) PEG
- tert-Butyl protected carboxylate PEG
- Thiol(-SH) PEG
- Vinylsulfone PEG
At BOC Sciences, we specialize in the synthesis and production of functional PEG derivatives. Our team of experts has many years of experience in this field and can provide customized PEG derivatives to meet specific needs. We offer a wide range of PEG derivatives with different functional groups, including carboxylic acids PEG, aldehydes PEG, cholesterol PEG, biotin PEG, and more. Our PEG derivatives are of the highest quality and are thoroughly tested to ensure their purity and efficacy. We also offer competitive pricing and superior customer service, making us the preferred choice for PEG derivatives by functional group.
What is Polyethylene Glycol?
Polyethylene Glycol Structure
Polyethylene Glycol Classification
Polyethylene Glycol Benefits
FDA Polyethylene Glycol
PEG Derivatives
Polyethylene Glycol Powder
What is PEGylation?
PEG Manufacturers
PEG Hydrogel
What is Polyethylene Glycol Used For?
What is Polyethylene Glycol?
Polyethylene glycol is a hydrophilic polymer consisting of repeating glycol units. The chemical properties of PEG derivatives can be altered through the introduction of various functional groups to enhance their physicochemical properties. PEG derivatives can be modified with a variety of functional groups including carboxylic acids, amines, sulfhydryl groups, and others. PEG derivatives modified by functional groups hold great promise in a variety of fields, allowing precise control of their properties and expanding their range of applications. The chemical and structural characteristics of these derivatives contribute to their functionality in drug delivery systems, biomaterials, and synthetic polymers. PEG derivatives offer many advantages, including biocompatibility and customizability, and play a vital role in advancing biomedical research and applications.
Polyethylene Glycol Structure
Polyethylene glycol is a linear or branched polymer composed of repeating ethylene glycol units (-CH₂-CH₂-O-). Its molecular structure is arranged with ether bonds (C-O-C), forming a flexible and hydrophilic chain. PEG has a wide molecular weight range, allowing its physical and chemical properties to be tailored as needed. Low molecular weight PEG typically appears as a colorless, transparent liquid, while high molecular weight PEG is waxy solid. The abundant ether oxygen groups in its structure can form hydrogen bonds, giving PEG excellent water solubility. Additionally, PEG is characterized by low toxicity and biocompatibility, and its structure can be easily functionalized. These properties make it widely applicable in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, chemicals, and biomaterials.
Polyethylene Glycol Classification
The properties of PEG can be customized to meet the demands of various industries by altering the polymer chain length or introducing different functional groups. Functionalized PEG incorporates specific functional groups (e.g., amino, carboxyl, thiol, or azide) at the molecule's termini or along the main chain, enabling chemical and functional customization. Such modifications enhance PEG’s potential in biomedical and material science applications. For example, PEG with reactive terminal groups can covalently conjugate with proteins, drugs, or nanoparticles to create long-circulating drug carriers or smart responsive materials. Furthermore, functionalized PEG can act as a crosslinker or initiator in polymerization reactions to construct complex polymer networks. Its excellent water solubility, biocompatibility, and chemical tunability make it valuable in fields such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), biosensors, and injectable hydrogels.
Monofunctional PEG
Monofunctional PEG is a PEG derivative containing a single functional group. PEG polymers terminated with methyl groups (methoxy linear PEG (mPEG)) are classified as monofunctional-PEG. It is a PEG derivative containing a single chemically reactive end group, making it ideal for PEGylation, surface modification, and nanoparticle coatings. One of the main advantages of monofunctional PEG is its ability to easily attach to a variety of molecules and surfaces. This is due to the presence of reactive end groups, which can form covalent bonds with other molecules through various chemical reactions. For example, monofunctional PEGs capped with maleimide groups can react with thiol groups on proteins to form stable thioether bonds, allowing PEG to be conjugated to proteins to improve stability and solubility.
BOC Sciences offers a range of monofunctional PEG derivatives in a range of molecular weights, such as amines, maleimides, azides, NHS esters, thiols, and more. The different types of PEG products offered by BOC Sciences allow easy incorporation of PEG into proteins, peptides, surfaces and other materials. For example, monofunctional PEGs with NHS ester groups can be used to modify proteins by reacting with primary amines on the protein surface, while monofunctional PEGs with azide groups can be used in click chemistry reactions to attach PEG to surfaces or nanoparticles.
Bifunctional PEG
Bifunctional PEG is a multifunctional compound containing two active terminal PEGs, including homobifunctional PEG and heterobifunctional PEG. Homobifunctional PEG consists of two PEG chains with identical functional groups at the ends, whereas heterobifunctional PEG contains two different functional groups. One of the major advantages of bifunctional PEGs is their ability to attach and cross-link hydrogels. By using bifunctional PEG as a cross-linker, researchers can modify the mechanical properties, swelling behavior, and biocompatibility of hydrogels to enable a wide range of applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Bifunctional PEGs are also important tools for protein and peptide conjugation. Bifunctional PEGs provide a nontoxic and biocompatible platform for attaching proteins and peptides to surfaces or other biomolecules, enabling controlled and site-specific conjugation. In addition, bifunctional PEG can be used as a linker in drug delivery systems, which can improve the pharmacokinetics, stability, and targeting capabilities of therapeutic agents.
BOC Sciences PEG polymers offer a range of bifunctional PEGs in a range of molecular weights and various functionalities, such as amines, azides, maleimides, NHS esters and thiols. Bifunctional PEG derivatives can be used in many applications, including surface functionalization and nanomaterials, and as cross-linkers for proteins, peptides, and other biomolecules.
Polyethylene Glycol Benefits
First, the hydrophilic nature of polyethylene glycol ensures biocompatibility and reduces the chance of immunogenic reactions.
The biodegradability of polyethylene glycol derivatives further enhances their utility as they can be enzymatically or chemically degraded, preventing long-term accumulation in the body.
In addition, the tunability of PEG derivatives permits precise control of drug release kinetics, improving therapeutic efficacy.
Furthermore, the modularity of the functional groups makes PEG derivatives highly customizable to meet the specific needs of different pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
FDA Polyethylene Glycol
FDA-approved polyethylene glycol is commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations as an excipient, solubilizer, or lubricant to improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of drugs. Additionally, the unique properties of PEG make it an ideal material for drug delivery systems. For example, PEGylation can extend the plasma half-life of protein drugs or peptides, reduce immune rejection, and thereby improve therapeutic outcomes. FDA-approved PEG is also used in biomaterials and medical devices, such as injectable hydrogels and wound repair products. The molecular weight, purity, and degree of functionalization of PEG can be strictly controlled to meet regulatory requirements and specific application needs. Its safety and efficacy have been confirmed through numerous clinical trials, making it an indispensable material in the pharmaceutical industry.
Nano-particles 
Cosmetic 
PROTAC 
Vaccines 
Drug Delivery PEG Derivatives
Based on their structural characteristics, PEG derivatives primarily include linear, multi-arm, and monodisperse forms, each exhibiting unique properties. Linear PEG, with its simple chain structure, is widely used in drug modification (PEGylation) to significantly enhance the solubility and stability of drugs. Multi-arm PEG, characterized by its branched or star-shaped structure, offers multiple functional sites and is suitable for hydrogel preparation, crosslinking reactions, and controlled drug release systems, enhancing drug loading capacity and structural strength. Monodisperse PEG, with its highly uniform molecular weight, excels in precise drug delivery and biosensing, demonstrating exceptional controllability and stability. Furthermore, through branching, block copolymerization, and functional group modifications, the physicochemical properties of PEG derivatives can be further optimized, such as adjusting their hydrophobicity, temperature sensitivity, or biocompatibility to meet complex application needs. These diverse structures expand the potential applications of PEG in the pharmaceutical, materials, and industrial fields.
Polyethylene Glycol Powder
BOC Sciences provides high-quality PEG powder to meet the diverse needs of industries such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and materials science. We offer PEG powder with varying molecular weights, purity levels, and functionalization, ensuring its effectiveness and reliability in applications such as drug delivery, protein modification, nanomaterials, and hydrogels. Our PEG powder is produced under strict quality control standards and complies with cGMP requirements, ensuring batch-to-batch consistency and traceability.
What is PEGylation?
PEGylation is a technique where polyethylene glycol molecules are covalently or non-covalently attached to drugs, proteins, or other biomolecules. The process is designed to improve the physicochemical properties, biological stability, and functional performance of molecules. PEGylation significantly enhances the water solubility of molecules, reduces their degradation or clearance rate in the body, and thus extends their plasma half-life. The shielding effect of PEG molecules also decreases the likelihood of recognition by the immune system, reducing adverse immune responses. This technique is widely used in the development of long-acting therapeutic drugs, such as protein drugs, antibody drugs, and small molecule drugs. Moreover, PEGylation is applied in the preparation of drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, and hydrogels, to improve drug targeting and bioavailability. The flexibility of PEGylation arises from the diversity of molecular weight and functionalization sites, which can be customized according to specific needs.
PEG Manufacturers
cGMP-manufactured polyethylene glycol is commonly used in drug formulations, injectables, and medical devices, such as long-acting drug delivery systems and ADCs. BOC Sciences has extensive experience in manufacturing PEG-based products, and our PEG manufacturing services are designed to meet the strict regulatory requirements of the pharmaceutical industry, ensuring that all products are produced in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). This includes the use of state-of-the-art equipment, stringent quality control processes, and well-trained personnel to ensure the highest levels of product quality and consistency. Our cGMP manufacturing services also include comprehensive analytical testing and documentation to ensure the quality and purity of all products. This involves a range of analytical techniques, such as HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry, to verify the identity, purity, and potency of each product.
- The synthesis of PEG typically involves the ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide with initiators such as water or alcohol compounds. By adjusting reaction conditions, such as temperature, catalysts, and reaction time, as well as the type of initiator, PEGs of different molecular weights and structures can be obtained, including linear, branched, and multi-arm configurations. Additionally, the synthesis process under cGMP conditions requires strict monitoring of reaction purity and by-products to ensure the final product meets pharmaceutical-grade standards.
- PEG modification is achieved by introducing functional groups (such as amino, carboxyl, thiol, or azide groups) onto its ends or main chain. This modification enhances the reactivity of PEG, making it suitable for protein drug modification (PEGylation), surface functionalization of nanomaterials, and the construction of smart materials. cGMP-manufactured modified PEG is widely used in the biopharmaceutical field, particularly in the preparation of targeted drugs and long-acting therapeutics.
- The analytical methods for PEG primarily include NMR, HPLC, GPC, and FTIR. These techniques are used to detect the molecular weight distribution, chemical purity, and functionalization efficiency of PEG. In cGMP production, the analytical process must comply with international standards to ensure product consistency and quality stability. Additionally, testing for the biocompatibility and non-toxicity of PEG products is a crucial part of the analysis process.
PEG Hydrogel
PEG hydrogel is a three-dimensional network structure formed by PEG through a crosslinking reaction. Its excellent biocompatibility and physicochemical stability make it an important material in pharmaceuticals and materials science. By adjusting the molecular weight, crosslinking density, and functionalization of PEG, hydrogels with specific mechanical strength and degradation properties can be designed for drug-controlled release, cell culture matrices, and tissue repair. Additionally, PEG hydrogels manufactured under cGMP conditions are typically used in injectable medical products to ensure their safety and efficacy in in vivo applications.
What is Polyethylene Glycol Used For?
Polyethylene glycol is nontoxic, generally nonimmunogenic, and is approved by the FDA for use as an excipient or carrier in pharmaceutical formulations, foods, and cosmetics. Most PEGs with molecular weights < 1000 are rapidly cleared from the body, with clearance rates inversely proportional to the polymer molecular weight. In addition, a variety of functional groups can be connected to the ends of PEG polymers to give the polymer more functions. Therefore, PEG has a wide range of applications in biomedical research, including bioconjugation, drug delivery, surface functionalization, tissue engineering, and many other applications.
Polyethylene Glycol in Pharmacy
Polyethylene glycol is widely used in pharmacy as a key component in drug delivery systems. Its good solubility, low toxicity, and biocompatibility make it an ideal carrier material. PEG can improve drug efficacy by encapsulating drugs, adjusting release rates, and enhancing drug stability in the body. The use of PEG in nanodrugs and controlled-release drugs helps improve drug bioavailability and reduce side effects.Polyethylene Glycol in Antibody-Drug Conjugates
PEG plays an important role in bioconjugation, especially in the development of ADCs. PEGylation can improve the solubility, stability, and biodistribution of biologic macromolecules, thus enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. PEG also reduces immunogenicity, extends the half-life of drugs in the body, and significantly improves the efficacy and safety of biopharmaceuticals.Polyethylene Glycol in Eye Drops
Polyethylene glycol is used as a moisturizer in eye drops, effectively maintaining ocular moisture and alleviating conditions like dry eye disease. PEG's good biocompatibility and low irritancy help form a protective film, reducing tear evaporation, improving lubrication, and enhancing patient comfort and treatment outcomes.Polyethylene Glycol in Laxative
Polyethylene glycol is widely used as an osmotic laxative to treat constipation. It works by absorbing water in the intestines, increasing the volume and moisture content of intestinal contents, thereby promoting peristalsis and bowel movements. Due to its gentle action, non-dependence, and minimal side effects, PEG has become one of the preferred treatments for constipation.Polyethylene Glycol in PEGylated Interferon
PEGylated interferon (PEG-IFN) is a treatment method where PEG is conjugated to interferon, primarily used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C and other viral diseases. The PEG conjugation effectively extends the half-life of interferon, improving its efficacy and reducing the frequency of administration. PEGylation reduces the immunogenicity and side effects of interferon, greatly improving the treatment experience for patients.Polyethylene Glycol in Medical Devices
In the medical device field, polyethylene glycol is used as a lubricant and coating material, especially in catheters, stents, and other implantable devices. Due to its excellent lubricity and biocompatibility, PEG helps reduce friction during device contact with the body, decreasing infection risk and enhancing patient comfort and treatment outcomes.Polyethylene Glycol in 3D Bioprinting
In 3D printing technology, polyethylene glycol is widely used due to its adjustable physical properties and biocompatibility. PEG can serve as a base material for printing, especially in medical devices and tissue engineering. Its high hydration capacity makes it suitable for creating soft materials, such as biomimetic tissues or drug release platforms, providing new solutions for personalized medicine.PEG in Cosmetics
Polyethylene glycol serves as an effective humectant, helping to retain moisture and prevent dryness in skin and hair care products. It also acts as a thickening agent, enhancing the texture and consistency of formulations, such as creams, lotions, and gels. Additionally, PEG improves product spreadability and enhances the delivery of active ingredients, making it a valuable component in a wide range of cosmetics, including shampoos, conditioners, and makeup.
References
- Zhao, X. et al. Application of star poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives in drug delivery and controlled release. J Control Release. 2020, 323: 565-577.
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