Halide (chloride, bromide) PEG

What is Halide PEG?

Halide (chloride, bromide) PEG refers to PEG compounds that contain halide ions, such as chloride or bromide ions. Halide PEG are typically synthesized by reacting the PEG with a halogenated reagent, which can be sulfinyl chloride (SOCl₂) or hydrogen bromide (HBr). These reagents replace the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the PEG with a halide ion, thereby introducing a chloride or bromide ion functional group. Halide PEGs are a class of compounds with special chemical properties and diverse applications. They exhibit a wide range of potential applications in solvents, phase transfer catalysts, ionic liquids, surfactants, drug delivery and biomedical fields.

Fig. 1. Reaction pathways in the synthesis of a PEG-Br, PEG-N3, PECH-propargyl (Polymer Bulletin. 2020, 77: 4773-4788).

Examples of Halide PEG

Chloride PEG

Chloride PEG is a linear methoxyl polyethylene glycol reagent and unilaterally activated PEG derivative. Chloride PEG increases the stability and solubility of biomolecules, reduces non-specific binding of charged molecules on surfaces, and reduces immunogenicity. Chloride PEG is commonly used in medical research, slow release of drug properties, new nanomaterials research, cell culture, ligand research, and polyethylene glycol modified functional coatings.

Bromide PEG

Bromide PEG has good flame retardant properties due to the presence of bromide functional groups. Bromide can slow down the combustion process and reduce the flame spreading speed, which makes it widely used in flame retardant materials. At the same time, bromide PEG has good solvency and dispersibility, and can be used as a solvent and dispersant for dissolving or dispersing insoluble substances, such as pigments and fillers.

How do Halide PEG Polymerize with Polymers?

(1) Copolymerization

Halide PEG can be copolymerized with other monomers to form copolymers. In the copolymer, the molecules of the halide polyglycol and the molecules of the other monomers are intertwined to form a new polymer chain structure.

(2) Crosslinking

Halide PEG can be used as cross-linking agents in cross-linking reactions with other polymers. Through the cross-linking reaction, the cross-linking points of halide polyethylene glycol can be introduced into the polymer network, increasing the strength, stability and chemical resistance of the polymer.

(3) Graft Polymerization

Halide PEG can be combined with other polymers by graft polymerization. During graft polymerization, the molecular chains of the halogenated polyethylene glycol are chemically bonded or physically cross-linked to the molecular chains of the host polymer. Graft polymerization can change the properties of the polymer, such as increasing its solubility and improving its adhesion.

(4) Surface Modification

Halide PEG can be combined with other polymers by surface modification. During surface modification, the molecules of the halogenated polyethylene glycol can be attached to the surface of other polymers by physical adsorption, chemical bonding or cross-linking, changing their surface properties and compatibility.

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Reference

1. Öztürk, T. et al. Synthesis of block copolymer including polyepichlorohydrin and polyethylene glycol by "click" chemistry: evaluation of primary parameters of copolymerization. Polymer Bulletin. 2020, 77: 4773-4788.