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Coenzyme A

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Category	Acyl CoA - Saturated Fatty Acid
Catalog NO.	BPG-3061
Product Name	Coenzyme A
CAS	85-61-0
Molecular Formula	C21H36N7O16P3S
Molecular Weight	767.53

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Description	Coenzyme A is an essential metabolic cofactor synthesized from cysteine, pantothenate, and ATP. Coenzyme A plays important roles in many metabolic pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. About 4% of cellular enzymes utilize CoA as a substrate.
Synonyms	CoASH; Coenzyme A (free acid); Depot-Zeel; Coenzyme ASH; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-{3-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-4-({3-oxo-3-[(2-sulfanylethyl)amino]propyl}amino)butyl] dihydrogen diphosphate}
IUPAC Name	[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-4-[[3-oxo-3-(2-sulfanylethylamino)propyl]amino]butyl] hydrogen phosphate
Canonical SMILES	CC(C)(COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)OP(=O)(O)O)C(C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS)O
InChI	InChI=1S/C21H36N7O16P3S/c1-21(2,16(31)19(32)24-4-3-12(29)23-5-6-48)8-41-47(38,39)44-46(36,37)40-7-11-15(43-45(33,34)35)14(30)20(42-11)28-10-27-13-17(22)25-9-26-18(13)28/h9-11,14-16,20,30-31,48H,3-8H2,1-2H3,(H,23,29)(H,24,32)(H,36,37)(H,38,39)(H2,22,25,26)(H2,33,34,35)/t11-,14-,15-,16+,20-/m1/s1
InChIKey	RGJOEKWQDUBAIZ-IBOSZNHHSA-N
Boiling Point	146 - 147
Melting Point	-5°C
Purity	>85%
Density	1.96±0.1 g/cm3 (Predicted)
Solubility	Soluble in Water
Appearance	White or Yellowish Powder
Shelf Life	1 Year
Storage	Store at -20°C
Exact Mass	767.534
Hygroscopic	No
Light Sensitive	No
Percent Composition	C 32.86%, H 4.73%, N 12.77%, O 33.35%, P 12.11%, S 4.18
Refractive Index	1.53 (20°C)
Pictogram(s)	Irritant
Signal	Warning
Precautionary Statement Codes	P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Coenzyme A, a vital molecule intricately involved in myriad biochemical processes within cells, boasts a diverse range of applications. Here are four key domains where Coenzyme A shines, portrayed with elevated levels of perplexity and burstiness:

Metabolism: Positioned at the heart of cellular metabolism, Coenzyme A plays a pivotal role in the breakdown and utilization of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Its indispensable presence drives the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids while also fueling the Krebs cycle, which in turn generates ATP—the cellular powerhouse. Such multifaceted functions make Coenzyme A a linchpin in energy production and metabolic orchestration, orchestrating the cellular symphony of life itself.

Drug Development: Within the realm of pharmacology, Coenzyme A and its derivatives emerge as precious assets for crafting drugs that target metabolic and energetic pathways. By exploring inhibitors or modulators of Coenzyme A-dependent enzymes, researchers unearth promising avenues for therapeutic interventions in disorders spanning metabolic maladies, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer. Unveiling the intricacies of Coenzyme A's mechanisms holds the potential to illuminate novel drug targets, ushering in effective treatments that stand at the vanguard of medical progress.

Nutritional Supplements: Delving into the realm of dietary supplements, Coenzyme A and its precursors—such as the esteemed pantothenic acid (commonly known as vitamin B5)—feature as key players in bolstering metabolic health and augmenting energy reserves. These supplements, heralded for their ability to counter Coenzyme A deficiencies, work to enhance cellular vitality and function at a fundamental level. Athletes and individuals grappling with elevated metabolic demands frequently turn to such supplements, seeking to optimize their performance and fortify their physiological reserves through the power of Coenzyme A.

Biotechnological Applications: In the realms of industrial biotechnology, Coenzyme A derivatives step into the limelight, driving the optimization of bioprocesses centered around microbial and enzymatic production systems. By virtue of its pivotal role in acyl-transfer reactions, Coenzyme A emerges as a linchpin in the synthesis of various biochemical entities, including antibiotics and bioplastics, that underpin modern biotechnological innovations. Through deft manipulations of Coenzyme A pathways, engineers can amplify the yield and efficiency of bioproduction processes, paving the way for sustainable biotechnological breakthroughs that redefine the boundaries of possibility.

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